Growth and establishment of mangrove (Avicennia marina) on the coastlines of Kuwait

Published source details Abo El-Nil M.M. (2001) Growth and establishment of mangrove (Avicennia marina) on the coastlines of Kuwait. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 421-428.
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This study is summarised as evidence for the following.

	Action	Category
	Directly plant trees/shrubs: brackish/saline wetlands Action Link

Directly plant trees/shrubs: brackish/saline wetlands

A replicated study in 1992–1997 of two mangrove plantations in Kuwait (Abo El-Nil 2001) reported that most grey mangrove Avicennia marina seedlings established when planted below average high tide level, and that their average height and stem number increased over time. Statistical significance was not assessed. No seedlings survived when planted above the average high tide level. Of the seedlings planted at or below average high tide level, 85–92% survived for at least one year. When planted, seedlings had 1 main stem and were 33–63 cm tall on average. After five years, surviving seedlings had 3–8 main stems and were 128–288 cm tall on average. Flowering, fruiting and seeding were also observed. Methods: In June 1992 or 1994, mangrove seedlings (number not reported) were planted into two mudflats. At each site, five rows were planted at varying tidal heights. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse from wild seeds collected the previous year (from two separate mangroves). Measurements were taken at planting and for at least five years afterwards.

(Summarised by: Nigel Taylor)