Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Conserve old buildings or structures as nesting sites for bees We found no evidence for the effects of conserving old buildings and structures suitable for nesting wild bees. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F4https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F4Tue, 18 May 2010 10:34:38 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Manage land under power lines for wildlifeOne replicated trial in Maryland, USA found more bee species under power lines managed as scrub than in equivalent areas of annually mown grassland. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F31https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F31Thu, 20 May 2010 01:34:31 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude bumblebee nest predators such as badgers and mink We have captured no evidence demonstrating the effects of excluding mammalian predators from natural bumblebee nesting areas. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F45https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F45Thu, 20 May 2010 01:35:01 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Eradicate existing populations of invasive non-native speciesOne replicated trial in Louisiana, USA, demonstrated that colonies of invasive Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera can be killed by providing insecticide (acephate)-laced syrup for 30 minutes. One replicated controlled before-and-after trial attempted to eradicate European buff-tailed bumblebees Bombus terrestris from trial sites in Japan by catching and killing foraging bees. The treatment led to an increase in numbers of two native bumblebee species, but did not eradicate B. terrestris. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F38https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F38Thu, 20 May 2010 04:54:57 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Manage wild honey bees sustainablyWe can find no evidence of the impact of reduced honey-hunting or improved harvesting methods on wild honey bee populations. One trial in southern Vietnam, showed that occupancy of artificial rafters by the giant honey bee Apis dorsata can be over 85% when rafters are placed by a large clearing greater than 25 m in diameter. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F32https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F32Thu, 20 May 2010 05:25:33 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude ants from solitary bee nesting sitesOne replicated controlled trial showed that excluding ants from solitary nests of the endemic Australian bee Exonuera nigrescens increased production of offspring. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F46https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F46Thu, 20 May 2010 06:43:55 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Convert to organic farmingEvidence on the impact of organic farming on wild bees is equivocal. Three replicated trials in Europe or Canada have shown that the abundance of wild bees is higher under organic arable farming than under conventional farming. One of these showed that bee diversity is higher in organically farmed wheat fields and in mown fallow strips adjacent to them. Three replicated trials in Europe or the USA have found no significant difference in the numbers of bumblebees (two trials), bumblebee species (one trial), or wild bees visiting flowering crops (one trial) between conventional and organic arable farms. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F25https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F25Thu, 20 May 2010 07:02:08 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Increase the use of clover leys on farmlandWe have captured no evidence that increasing the use of clover leys can enhance wild bee populations. One replicated trial in Germany showed that fields planted with a white clover grass mixture do not attract solitary bees to nest preferentially on site. A trial in Switzerland showed that if white clover is mowed during flowering, injuries and mortality of bees can be reduced by avoiding the use of a processor attached to the mower. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F16https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F16Thu, 20 May 2010 08:48:02 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Legally protect large native treesA study in degraded savannah in Minas Gerais, Brazil showed that the stingless bee species Melipona quadrifasciata selectively nested in the protected cerrado tree Caryocar brasiliense, evidence that protecting this species from logging or wood harvesting has helped to conserve stingless bees. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F34https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F34Thu, 20 May 2010 09:28:04 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Exclude introduced European earwigs from nest sitesIn California, USA, a replicated controlled trial showed that numbers of introduced European earwigs Forficula auricularia resting in solitary bee nest boxes can be reduced using a sticky barrier Tanglefoot. This treatment increased the use of the boxes by native bees. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F44https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F44Thu, 20 May 2010 10:20:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Ensure commercial hives/nests are disease freeOne randomised controlled trial in Canada found that the antibiotic fumagillin is not effective against Nosema bombi infection in managed colonies of the western bumblebee Bombus occidentalis. One replicated controlled trial in South Korea found that Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella in commercial bumblebee colonies can be controlled with the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Aizawai strain, at a strength of 1 g Bt/litre of water. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F42https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F42Thu, 20 May 2010 11:17:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Control fire risk using mechanical shrub control and/or prescribed burningOne replicated controlled trial in mixed temperate forest in the USA showed that for bee conservation, it is best to control fire using cutting and burning combined. This increases herbaceous plant cover in subsequent years. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F37https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F37Thu, 20 May 2010 12:49:47 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Leave field margins unsprayed within the crop (conservation headlands)Two replicated controlled trials in England showed that conservation headlands do not attract more foraging bumblebees than conventional crop fields. One replicated trial found fewer bees on conservation headlands than in naturally regenerated, uncropped field margins in England. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F29https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F29Thu, 20 May 2010 13:15:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Control deployment of hives/ nests We have found no direct evidence for the effects of excluding Apis mellifera hives, or nests of other managed pollinators, on populations of wild bees. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F39https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F39Thu, 20 May 2010 13:54:55 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Connect areas of natural or semi-natural habitat for bees We found no evidence of the effects on wild bee communities of connecting patches of natural or semi-natural habitat. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F10https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F10Thu, 20 May 2010 14:39:05 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Keep pure breeding populations of native honey bee subspeciesOne replicated trial in Switzerland found that pure breeding populations of the European black honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera contained a significant proportion (28%) of hybrids with an introduced subspecies Apis mellifera carnica. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F43https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F43Thu, 20 May 2010 14:49:31 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Introduce mated females to small populations to improve genetic diversityOne trial in Brazil showed that genetic diversity can be maintained in small isolated populations of stingless bees Melipona scutellaris by regularly introducing inseminated queens. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F56https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F56Thu, 20 May 2010 15:23:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Increase the proportion of natural or semi-natural habitat in the farmed landscape We found no evidence demonstrating the effects of restoring natural or semi-natural habitat on bee diversity or abundance in neighbouring farms. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F6https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F6Thu, 20 May 2010 15:31:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Introduce agri-environment schemes to benefit wild beesFour replicated trials in Europe have shown enhanced diversity and/or abundance of foraging wild bees on land managed under various European agri-environment schemes, relative to conventionally-managed fields or field margins. These schemes were the Swiss Ecological Compensation Areas (one replicated trial), the German organic arable farming option (one replicated trial), the Dutch botanical and meadow bird agreements (one replicated trial, very low numbers of bee species) and the Scottish Rural Stewardship Scheme (one replicated trial, also included nest-searching queen bumblebees). Four replicated trials in Europe found that the number of bees and/or bee species is not enhanced on land managed under agri-environment schemes, including meadow bird agreements in wet grassland in the Netherlands, measures to protect steppe-living birds and compensation measures around a National Park in Spain, and 6 m wide grass field margin strips in England (one replicated trial for each). On a wider landscape scale, two replicated trials in the UK have found bumblebee populations were not enhanced on farmland managed under agri-environment schemes. One trial compared the reproductive success of colonies of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris, the other compared queen bumblebee numbers in spring in conventionally managed field margins, on farms with and without agri-environment schemes. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F24https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F24Thu, 20 May 2010 16:11:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Leave arable field margins uncropped with natural regenerationFour replicated trials in the UK have found more bumblebees (and more bee species in two trials) foraging on uncropped field margins than on cropped margins. One small unreplicated trial found similar bee species richness on a naturally regenerated margin as on margins sown with wildflowers. A small replicated trial found that neither abundance nor diversity of bumblebees were higher on naturally regenerated margins than on cropped margins. Two trials note that the value of naturally regenerated uncropped field margins is based on thistle species considered to be pernicious weeds requiring control. Two trials found that the value of naturally regenerated uncropped field margins for bees was not consistent from year to year. We have captured no evidence on the effects of field margin management on solitary bees. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F20https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F20Thu, 20 May 2010 16:57:57 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Increase the diversity of nectar and pollen plants in the landscape for beesOne large replicated controlled trial showed that the average abundance of long-tongued bumblebees on field margins was positively correlated with the number of pollen and nectar agri-environment agreements in a 10 km grid square. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F21https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F21Thu, 20 May 2010 18:33:50 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Increase areas of rough grassland for bumblebee nestingOne replicated controlled trial on lowland farms in Scotland showed that grassy field margins attracted nest-searching queen bumblebees in spring at higher densities than cropped field margins, managed or unmanaged grasslands or hedgerows. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F12https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F12Thu, 20 May 2010 18:37:48 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Create patches of bare ground for ground-nesting beesOne replicated controlled trial in Germany and four small trials (three replicated, one not) have shown that artificially exposed areas of bare soil can be successfully colonised by ground-nesting solitary bees and wasps in the first or second year. We have captured no evidence for the effect of creating areas of bare ground on bee populations or communities on a larger scale. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F13https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F13Thu, 20 May 2010 19:29:53 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Enhance bee taxonomy skills through higher education and training We have captured no evidence for the effects of developing taxonomy skills on bee conservation. 'No evidence' for an action means we have not yet found any studies that directly and quantitatively tested this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F57https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F57Thu, 20 May 2010 20:44:42 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Manage hedges to benefit beesOne replicated controlled trial showed that hedges managed under the Scottish Rural Stewardship scheme do not attract more nest-searching or foraging queen bumblebees in spring than conventionally managed hedgerows. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F15https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F15Thu, 20 May 2010 21:16:02 +0100