Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use streamer lines to reduce seabird bycatch on longlines A total of eight studies and two literature reviews from coastal and pelagic fisheries across the world found strong evidence for reduced seabird bycatch on longlines when streamer lines were used. A replicated, controlled trial from the sub-Antarctic Indian Ocean found no reduction in bycatch rates when using streamer lines, whilst five studies were inconclusive, uncontrolled or had weak evidence for reductions. The effect of streamer lines appears to vary between seabird species: northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis were consistently caught at lower rates when streamers were used but shearwaters Puffinus spp. and white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis were caught at similar rates with and without streamers in one study each. The three studies that investigated the use of multiple streamer lines all found that fewer birds were caught when two streamer lines were used, compared to one, with even fewer caught when three were used. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F285https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F285Tue, 24 Jul 2012 14:37:19 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use snakeskin to deter mammalian nest predatorsA randomised, replicated and controlled trial in the USA found that artificial nests were less likely to be predated if they had snake skin wrapped around them than control nests. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F406https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F406Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:07:38 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use supplementary feeding to reduce predation A controlled cross-over experiment from the UK found that there was no difference in grouse adult survival or productivity when supplementary food was provided to hen harrier Circus cyaneus compared to in control areas. This study and another from the USA that used artificial nests found that nest predation rates were reduced in areas when supplementary food was provided to predators. A second study from the USA found no such effect. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F417https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F417Thu, 16 Aug 2012 15:42:26 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use traditional breeds of livestock Two UK studies (one replicated) and a review reported differences in quantities of plant species grazed, vegetation structure and invertebrate assemblages between areas grazed with different breeds of sheep or cattle. A small, replicated study found that Hebridean sheep grazed more purple moor grass than Swaledale sheep, but the resulting density of purple moor grass and heather did not differ. A UK study found that at reduced grazing pressure, traditional and commercial cattle breeds created different sward structures and associated invertebrate assemblages. One replicated trial from France, Germany and the UK found grazing by traditional rather than commercial livestock breeds had no clear effect on the number of plant species or the abundance of butterflies, grasshoppers, birds, hares, or ground-dwelling arthropods in general. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F539https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F539Tue, 11 Sep 2012 15:57:52 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use techniques to increase the survival of species after capture A small controlled study from the USA found that providing dark, quiet environments with readily-available food and water increased the survival of small birds after capture and increased the probability that they would accept captivity. A study from Hawaii found that keeping birds warm in a ‘mock’ translocation in Hawaii increased survival, although all birds suffered some loss of condition. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F581https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F581Sat, 06 Oct 2012 21:18:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use temperature treatment to reduce chytridiomycosis infection Four of five studies (including four replicated, controlled studies) in Australia, Switzerland and the USA found that increasing enclosure or water temperature to 30–37°C for over 16 hours cured frogs and toads of chytridiomycosis. One found that heat treatment at 30–35°C for 36 hours did not cure northern leopard frogs. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F770https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F770Mon, 19 Aug 2013 16:15:16 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use supplements A controlled, replicated study in Australia found no difference in weight gain of Atlantic salmon with and without dietary supplementation of phytase and phosphate. One controlled, replicated study in Australia fish fed diets supplemented with phytase had greater final weights than those given no supplement. A controlled, replicated study in Norway found no difference in weight gain of salmon that were fed diets with or without taurine supplementation. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F930https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F930Fri, 25 Oct 2013 13:54:06 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use summer instead of winter harvesting One replicated study in the USA found no effect of logging season on plant species richness and diversity. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1216https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1216Fri, 20 May 2016 14:06:18 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use thinning followed by prescribed fire Three of six studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled study) in the USA found that thinning followed by prescribed burning increased cover and abundance1 of understory plants as well as the density of deciduous trees. One study found that thinning then burning decreased trees density and species richness. Three studies found no effect or mixed effects of thinning followed by burning on tree growth rate and density of young trees. One replicated, controlled study Australia found no effect of thinning followed by burning on the genetic diversity of black ash. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1227https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1227Mon, 23 May 2016 10:38:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use soil scarification or ploughing to enhance germination Two studies (including one replicated, randomized, controlled study) in Portugal and the USA found that ploughing increased the cover and diversity of understory plants. Two of three studies (including two replicated, randomized, controlled) in Canada and Brazil found that ploughing increased, and one found it decreased the density of young trees. Two replicated, controlled studies in Ethiopia and Sweden found mixed effects of tilling on different tree species. One replicated, before-and-after trial in Finland found that ploughing decreased the cover of plants living on wood surface. One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that ploughing did not decrease the spreading distance and density of invasive grass seedlings. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1251https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1251Fri, 03 Jun 2016 13:09:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use soil disturbance to enhance germination (excluding scarification or ploughing) Two replicated, controlled studies from Canada and Finland found that disturbance of the forest floor decreased understory vegetation cover. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1252https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F1252Fri, 03 Jun 2016 13:50:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use stabilisation material that can be more easily recovered at decommissioning stage We found no studies that evaluated the effects of using stabilisation material that can be more easily recovered at decommissioning stage on subtidal benthic invertebrate populations. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this intervention during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore, we have no evidence to indicate whether or not the intervention has any desirable or harmful effects.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2058https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2058Mon, 21 Oct 2019 13:39:32 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use sterile individuals in aquaculture systems using non-native species We found no studies that evaluated the effects of using sterile individuals in aquaculture systems using non-native species on subtidal benthic invertebrate populations. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this intervention during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore, we have no evidence to indicate whether or not the intervention has any desirable or harmful effects.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2158https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2158Tue, 22 Oct 2019 12:08:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use species from more than one level of a food web in aquaculture systems We found no studies that evaluated the effects of using species from more than one level of a food web in aquaculture systems on subtidal benthic invertebrate populations. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this intervention during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore, we have no evidence to indicate whether or not the intervention has any desirable or harmful effects.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2195https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2195Tue, 22 Oct 2019 13:07:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use traditional breeds of livestock One study evaluated the effects of using traditional breeds of livestock on wild mammals. This study was carried out in four European countries. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (1 STUDY) Use (1 study): A replicated, randomized, controlled study in Europe found that European hares did not use areas grazed by traditional livestock breeds more than they used areas grazed by commercial breeds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2411https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2411Fri, 29 May 2020 13:25:23 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use taste-aversion to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to deter human-wildlife conflict Nine studies evaluated the effects of using taste-aversion to reduce predation of livestock by mammals to deter human-wildlife conflict. Six studies were in the USA, two were in Canada and one was at an unnamed location. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES) OTHER (9 STUDIES) Human-wildlife conflict (9 studies): Three of seven replicated studies (including three controlled studies), in the USA, Canada and at an unnamed location, found that coyotes killed fewer sheep, rabbits or turkeys after taste-aversion treatment. The other four studies found that taste-aversion treatment did not reduce killing by coyotes of chickens, sheep or rabbits. A replicated, before-and-after study in the USA found that taste-aversion treatment reduced egg predation by mammalian predators whilst a replicated, controlled, paired sites study in the USA found no such effect. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2429https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2429Mon, 01 Jun 2020 15:38:40 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use target species distress calls or signals to deter crop damage by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict Five studies evaluated the effects of using target species distress calls or signals to deter crop damage by these species to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Two studies were in the USA and one each was in Namibia, Australia and Sri Lanka. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES) OTHER (5 STUDIES) Human-wildlife conflict (5 studies): Two of five replicated studies (including four controlled studies), in the USA, Namibia, Australia and Sri Lanka, found that white-tailed deer and Asian elephants were deterred or repelled from areas by playing their respective distress calls. Two studies found that, in most cases, elephants and white-tailed deer were not deterred from entering or remaining at sites when distress calls were played. The fifth study found mixed results but, overall, eastern grey kangaroo foot-thumping noises did not increase numbers leaving a site. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2488https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2488Thu, 04 Jun 2020 13:14:16 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use target species scent to deter crop damage by mammals to reduce human-wildlife conflict One study evaluated the effects on mammals of using target species scent to deter crop damage to reduce human-wildlife conflict. This study was in South Africa. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES) OTHER (1 STUDY) Human-wildlife conflict (1 study): A replicated, controlled study in South Africa found that African elephants were not deterred from feeding by the presence of secretions from elephant temporal glands. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2506https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2506Thu, 04 Jun 2020 16:31:30 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use thinning of forest instead of clearcutting One study evaluated the effects on mammals of using thinning of forest instead of clearcutting. This study was in the USA. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (1 STUDY) Use (1 study): A replicated, controlled study in the USA found that thinned forest areas were used more by desert cottontails than were fully cleared or uncleared areas. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2643https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2643Fri, 12 Jun 2020 15:57:07 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use stiffened materials or increase tension of fishing gear One study evaluated the effects on marine mammals of using stiffened materials in fishing nets. The study was in the South Atlantic Ocean (Argentina). COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES) OTHER (1 STUDY) Reduction in entanglements/unwanted catch (1 study): One controlled study in the South Atlantic Ocean found that using stiffened fishing nets did not reduce the number of Franciscana dolphin entanglements. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2801https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F2801Thu, 04 Feb 2021 17:10:46 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use slot/strip seeding Two studies examined the effects of using slot/strip seeding on grassland vegetation. Both studies were in the UK. VEGETATION COMMUNITY (1 STUDY) Grass richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in the UK found that strip seeding increased grass species richness. Forb richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in the UK found that strip seeding increased forb species richness. VEGETATION ABUNDANCE (1 STUDY) Sown/planted species abundance (1 study): One review in the UK found that in the majority of cases strip seeding resulted in failed introductions of sown species. VEGETATION STRUCTURE (0 STUDIES)Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3411https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3411Fri, 25 Jun 2021 15:29:28 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use technology and reporting systems to avoid collisions We found no studies that evaluated the effects on reptile populations of using technology and reporting systems to avoid collisions. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3535https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3535Tue, 07 Dec 2021 16:02:55 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use stiffened materials or increase tension of fishing gear We found no studies that evaluated the effects on reptile populations of using stiffened materials or increasing tension of fishing gear. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3607https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3607Thu, 09 Dec 2021 10:39:10 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use smaller machinery to log forests We found no studies that evaluated the effects of using smaller machinery to log forests on reptile populations. ‘We found no studies’ means that we have not yet found any studies that have directly evaluated this action during our systematic journal and report searches. Therefore we have been unable to assess whether or not the action is effective or has any harmful impacts. Please get in touch if you know of such a study for this action.Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3633https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3633Thu, 09 Dec 2021 14:48:35 +0000Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Use technology to communicate near real-time catch information to fishers to enable avoidance of unwanted catchicate near real-time catch information to fishers to enable avoidance of unwanted catch One study examined the effects of using technology to communicate near real-time catch information to fishers to enable avoidance of unwanted catch on marine fish populations. The study was in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. COMMUNITY RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) POPULATION RESPONSE (0 STUDIES) BEHAVIOUR (0 STUDIES) OTHER (1 STUDY) Reduction of unwanted catch (1 study): A review in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans reported that where technology was used to provide near real-time catch information to fishers there were reductions of unwanted catch or discards in two of three cases. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3826https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F3826Fri, 27 May 2022 09:38:00 +0100