Conservation Evidence: Evidence Data

Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate amphibians Overall, three global reviews and one replicated, before-and-after study in the USA found that 35 of 54 (65%) amphibian translocations that could be assessed resulted in established breeding populations or substantial recruitment to the adult population. A further two translocations resulted in breeding and one in survival following release. One review found that translocations of over 1,000 animals were more successful, but that success was not related to the source of animals (wild or captive), life-stage, continent or reason for translocation. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F854https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F854Fri, 06 Sep 2013 11:49:37 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate toads Two of four studies (including two replicated studies) in Denmark, Germany, the UK and USA found that translocating eggs and/or adults established common toad breeding populations. One found populations of garlic toads established at two of four sites. One found that breeding populations of boreal toads were not established. One before-and-after study in Denmark found that translocating green toad eggs to existing populations, along with aquatic and terrestrial habitat management, increased population numbers. Three studies (including one before-and-after study) in Germany, Italy and the USA found that 33–100% of translocated adult toads reproduced, 19% survived up to six years or some metamorphs survived over winter. One replicated study in South Africa found that translocated Cape platanna metamorphs survived up to 23 years at one of four sites. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F855https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F855Fri, 06 Sep 2013 12:17:03 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate wood frogs Two studies (including one replicated study) in the USA found that translocated wood frog eggs established breeding populations in 25–50% of created ponds. One replicated study in the USA found that translocated wood frog eggs hatched and up to 57% survived as tadpoles in enclosures in restored ponds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F856https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F856Fri, 06 Sep 2013 13:19:09 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate great crested newts Four of six studies (including one review and one replicated study) in the UK found that translocated great crested newts maintained or established breeding populations. The review found that populations were present one year after release in 37% of cases and one study found that although translocations maintained a population in the short term, within three years breeding failed in 48% of ponds. One systematic review of 31 great crested newt studies found that there was no conclusive evidence that mitigation that included translocations resulted in self-sustaining populations. One review in the UK found that great crested newts reproduced following 56% of translocations, in some cases there was also release of head-started larvae and/or habitat management. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F858https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F858Fri, 06 Sep 2013 13:32:49 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate natterjack toads Three studies (including one review) in France and the UK found that translocated natterjack toad eggs, tadpoles, juveniles or adults established breeding populations at one site or in 30–70% of cases, some of which also released head-started or captive-bred animals or included habitat management. The review found that re-establishing toads on dune or saltmarsh habitat was more successful than on heathland. One replicated study in the UK found that natterjack toad populations increased at sites established by translocations, particularly with replicated translocations of wild rather than captive-bred toads. Two replicated, before-and-after studies in Estonia and the UK found that translocating natterjack toad eggs or tadpoles resulted in breeding at 8–70% of sites, some of which had been restored. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F859https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F859Fri, 06 Sep 2013 13:48:11 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate salamanders (including newts) One review and three before-and-after studies in the UK and USA found that translocated eggs or adults established breeding populations of salamanders or smooth newts. One replicated, before-and-after study in the USA found that one of two salamander species reproduced following translocation of eggs, tadpoles and metamorphs. One before-and-after study in the USA found that translocated salamander eggs hatched and tadpoles had similar survival rates as in donor ponds. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F860https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F860Fri, 06 Sep 2013 14:03:10 +0100Collected Evidence: Collected Evidence: Translocate frogs Eight of ten studies (including five replicated studies) in New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the UK and USA found that translocating frog eggs, juveniles or adults established breeding populations at 100% or 79% of sites. Two found that breeding populations of two species were initially established but went extinct within five years or did not establish. Five studies (including one replicated study) in Italy, New Zealand and the USA found that translocated juveniles or adults survived the winter, had high survival, survived up to two years, or up to eight years with predator exclusion. One study in the USA found that survival was lower for Oregon spotted frogs translocated as adults compared to eggs and lower than that of resident frogs. Five studies (including three replicated studies) in Canada, New Zealand and the USA found that translocations of eggs, juveniles or adults resulted in little or no breeding at one or three of four sites. Two studies (including one before-and-after study) in the USA found that 60–100% of translocated frogs left the release site and 35–73% returned to their original pond within 1–32 days. Two before-and-after studies New Zealand and the USA found that frogs lost weight during the 30 days after translocation or became heavier than animals at the donor site. Collected Evidencehttps%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F861https%3A%2F%2Fconservationevidencejournal.com%2Factions%2F861Fri, 06 Sep 2013 14:31:31 +0100