Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical properties of a Chromoxerert soil

Published source details Celik I., Ortas I. & Kilic S. (2004) Effects of compost, mycorrhiza, manure and fertilizer on some physical properties of a Chromoxerert soil. Soil and Tillage Research, 78, 59-67.
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This study is summarised as evidence for the following.

	Action	Category
	Water: Use organic fertilizer instead of inorganic Action Link
	Soil: Use organic fertilizer instead of inorganic Action Link
	Water: Add manure to the soil Action Link
	Soil: Add manure to the soil Action Link
	Water: Add compost to the soil Action Link
	Soil: Add compost to the soil Action Link

Water: Use organic fertilizer instead of inorganic

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in arable farmland in southern Turkey found more water in soils with organic fertilizer, compared to inorganic fertilizer. Water availability: More available water was found in soils with organic fertilizer, compared to inorganic fertilizer (0.14–0.17 vs 0.09 cm³ water/cm³ soil). Methods: There were three plots (10 x 20 m) for each of three treatments: cattle manure (25 t/ha), compost (25 t/ha), or mineral fertilizer (160 kg N/ha, 26 kg P/ha, 83 kg P/ha). The compost was made of grass, stubble, and leaves. Wheat, sweet peppers, maize, and wheat were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop (0–30 cm depth). The difference between water retention capacity at field capacity (–33 kPa) and at permanent wilting point (–1,500 kPa) was used to determine available water content.
Soil: Use organic fertilizer instead of inorganic

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in arable farmland in southern Turkey found more organic matter and greater stability in soils with organic fertilizer, compared to inorganic fertilizer. Organic matter: More organic matter was found in soils with compost, compared to mineral fertilizer, at one of two depths (0–15 cm: 1.8% vs 1.7%). Similar amounts of organic matter were found in soils with manure, compared to mineral fertilizer (1.6–1.8% vs 1.6%). Soil erosion and aggregation: Larger particles were found in soils with compost, compared to mineral fertilizer, at one of two depths (0–15 cm: 0.38 vs 0.27 mm mean weight diameter). Larger particles were found in soils with manure, compared to mineral fertilizer (0.38–0.43 vs 0.19–0.29 mm mean weight diameter). Methods: There were three plots (10 x 20 m) for each of three treatments: cattle manure (25 t/ha), compost (25 t/ha), or mineral fertilizer (160 kg N/ha, 26 kg P/ha, 83 kg P/ha). The compost was made of grass, stubble, and leaves. Wheat, sweet peppers, maize, and wheat were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop (0–30 cm depth). Wet sieving was used to determine mean weight diameter.
Water: Add manure to the soil

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in arable farmland in southern Turkey found more available water in soils with added manure, compared to soils without added manure. Water availability: More available water was found in soils with added manure, compared to soils without added manure (0.14 vs 0.09 cm³ water/cm³ soil). Methods: Cattle manure (25 t/ha) was added to three treatment plots (10 x 20 m), but not three control plots. Wheat, sweet peppers, and maize were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop (0–30 cm depth). The difference between water retention at field capacity (–33 kPa) and at permanent wilting point (–1,500 kPa) was used to determine available water content.
Soil: Add manure to the soil

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in arable farmland in southern Turkey found more organic matter and greater soil stability in soils with added manure, compared to soils without added manure. Organic matter: More organic matter was found in soils with added manure, compared to soils without added manure, in one of two comparisons (1.8% vs 1.6%). Soil erosion and aggregation: Larger soil particles were found in plots with added manure, compared to plots without added manure (0.38–0.43 vs 0.18–0.29 mm mean weight diameter). Methods: Cattle manure (25 t/ha) was added to three treatment plots (10 x 20 m), but not three control plots. Wheat, sweet peppers, and maize were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop (0–30 cm depth). Wet sieving was used to determine mean weight diameter.
Water: Add compost to the soil

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in farmland in southern Turkey found more available water in soils with added compost, compared to soils without added compost. Water availability: More available water was found in soils with added compost, compared to soils without added compost (0.17 vs 0.09 cm³ water/cm³ soil). Methods: Compost (25 t/ha) was added to three treatment plots (10 x 20 m), but not three control plots. The compost was made of grass, stubble, and leaves. Wheat, sweet peppers, maize, and wheat were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop. The difference between water retention at field capacity (–33 kPa) and at permanent wilting point (–1,500 kPa) was used to determine available water content.
Soil: Add compost to the soil

A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1995–1999 in farmland in southern Turkey found more organic matter and greater soil stability in soils with added compost, compared to soils without added compost, at some depths. Organic matter: More organic matter was found in soils with added compost, compared to soils without added compost, at one of two depths (0–15 cm: 1.8% vs 1.6%). Soil erosion and aggregation: Larger soil particles were found in plots with added compost, compared to plots without added compost, at one of two depths (15–30 cm: 0.31 vs 0.18 mm mean weight diameter). Methods: Compost (25 t/ha) was added to three treatment plots (10 x 20 m), but not three control plots. The compost was made of grass, stubble, and leaves. Wheat, sweet peppers, maize, and wheat were grown in rotation. Soils were sampled in 1999, after harvesting the last wheat crop (0–30 cm depth). Wet sieving was used to determine mean weight diameter.