Progesterone improves the number and quality of hormonally induced fowler toad (Bufo fowleri) oocytes

Published source details Browne R.K., Seratt J., Li H. & Kouba A. (2006) Progesterone improves the number and quality of hormonally induced fowler toad (Bufo fowleri) oocytes. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 4, 1-7.
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This study is summarised as evidence for the following.

	Action	Category
	Amphibians: Use artificial fertilization in captive breeding Action Link
	Use artificial fertilization in captive breeding Action Link
	Amphibians: Use hormone treatment to induce sperm and egg release Action Link
	Use hormone treatment to induce sperm and egg release during captive breeding Action Link

Amphibians: Use artificial fertilization in captive breeding
Use artificial fertilization in captive breeding

A randomized, replicated study in 2005 of captive Fowler toads Bufo fowleri in the USA (Browne et al. 2006a) found that the proportion of eggs fertilized artificially was affected by hormone treatment used to stimulate egg production. Only treatments with lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone-a (LHRHa; 20 μg or more) plus another hormone resulted in fertilized eggs. The proportion of fertilized eggs was significantly higher following treatment with progesterone (5 mg) and 60 μg LHRHa (73%) than progesterone with 20 μg LHRHa and dopamine-2 receptor antagonist pimozide (35%) or progesterone with 60 μg LHRHa, pimozide and human chorionic gonadotrophin (500 IU; 20%). Following treatment with LHRHa but no progesterone only one toad produced eggs, of which 34% became fertilized. Second doses of 60 μg LHRHa or 500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin given 24 or 48 hours after initial doses resulted in low egg numbers and fertilization. Wild-caught toads were housed in 50 x 40 x 10 cm tanks. Females were randomly assigned to treatments with seven females/treatment. Treatments were given in 100 μl of saline. Eggs were fertilized in a dish with spermic urine.
Amphibians: Use hormone treatment to induce sperm and egg release
Use hormone treatment to induce sperm and egg release during captive breeding

A randomized, replicated study in 2005 of captive Fowler toads Bufo fowleri in the USA (Browne et al. 2006a) found that treatments of progesterone along with other hormones were effective at inducing egg production in a high proportion of toads and resulted in high egg numbers. Successful progesterone (5 mg) treatments were: progesterone and lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone-a (LHRHa; 60 μg) alone (71% produced eggs; 2,004 eggs/toad), or with dopamine-2 receptor antagonist pimozide (0.25 mg) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (500 IU; 85%; 1,078), or progesterone, LHRHa (20 μg) and pimozide (0.25 mg; 58%; 2,486). Two repeated doses of 5 mg progesterone or a single dose of 20 μg LHRHa did not result in egg production. Egg production was low with 4 μg LHRHa and 500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (29%; 2,283) or 20 μg LHRHa and 0.25 mg pimozide (14%; 627). Second doses of 60 μg LHRHa or 500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin given 24 or 48 hours after initial doses resulted in low egg numbers. Wild caught toads were housed in 50 x 40 x 10 cm tanks. Females were randomly assigned to the seven treatments with seven females/treatment. Treatments were given in 100 μl of saline.