Breeding Humboldt's penguins Spheniscus humboldti at Kyoto Zoo
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Published source details
Kojima I. (1978) Breeding Humboldt's penguins Spheniscus humboldti at Kyoto Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 18, 53-59.
Published source details Kojima I. (1978) Breeding Humboldt's penguins Spheniscus humboldti at Kyoto Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 18, 53-59.
Summary
Use captive breeding to increase or maintain populations of seabirds
A study in 1956–1977 at Kyoto Zoo, Japan (Kojima 1978) reported on the successful establishment of a captive, breeding population of Humboldt’s penguins Spheniscus humboldti. In March 1977, the zoo held a flock of 34 Humboldt’s penguins: the maximum capacity of the enclosure. All birds were descended from one of two pairs received in September 1956. Two of the original birds were still alive. Fifteen breeding pairs formed from the offspring of this original pair. Of 256 eggs laid, 122 (48%) hatched and 53 young (43%) were raised to adulthood. No inbreeding defects were observed. The penguins were housed in an outdoor enclosure, with a 70-cm-deep pool and eight concrete nesting dens. They were fed defrosted scad Trachurus trachurus twice daily, with occasional live freshwater fish. When chicks stopped being fed by their parents, they were taken to a separate pool and trained to eat dead scad.
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