A comparison of Riley encased methodology and traditional techniques for planting red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle)

Published source details Salgado Kent C.P. (1999) A comparison of Riley encased methodology and traditional techniques for planting red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle). Mangroves and Salt Marshes, 3, 215-225.
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This study is summarised as evidence for the following.

	Action	Category
	Use fences or barriers to protect planted brackish/saline wetlands planted with trees/shrubs Action Link
	Introduce tree/shrub seeds or propagules: brackish/saline wetlands Action Link

Use fences or barriers to protect planted brackish/saline wetlands planted with trees/shrubs

A replicated, paired, controlled study in 1997–1998 in four sandy coastal sites in Florida, USA (Salgado Kent & Lin 1999) reported that planted red mangrove Rhizophora mangle propagules within full-length plastic shelters – but not full-length bamboo shelters or below-ground plastic shelters – had higher survival rates than unprotected propagules, and found that seedlings within full-length shelters grew taller than seedlings in the other treatments. After 4–8 months, the survival rate was 76–100% for propagules/seedlings within translucent plastic shelters that extended above and below ground (vs 0–2% within similar shelters made from bamboo; 0% within plastic shelters that extended below ground only; and 0–6% without shelter; statistical significance not assessed). After 22–129 days, seedlings within full-length plastic shelters were significantly taller than unprotected seedlings in three of four comparisons (other comparison no significant difference, because no propagules had developed into seedlings) and significantly taller than seedlings in the other types of shelters in four of four comparisons (see original paper for data). Methods: In August and November 1997, a total of 796 red mangrove propagules were planted, around the high tide level, in four exposed, sandy, coastal sites. There were 13–35 propagules/site/season for each of the four shelter treatments. Shelters differed in material and height (see above) but were all 3.8 cm internal diameter and had a slit running down them to allow water exchange. Propagules (or the seedlings they became) were monitored twice a month for up to eight months after planting.

(Summarised by: Nigel Taylor)
Introduce tree/shrub seeds or propagules: brackish/saline wetlands

A replicated study in 1997–1998 in four sandy coastal sites in Florida, USA (Salgado Kent & Lin 1999) reported 0–100% survival of planted red mangrove Rhizophora mangle propagules after 4–8 months, but that surviving propagules developed stems and leaves in most cases. Statistical significance was not assessed. Survival rates were highest (76–100%) for propagules sheltered within translucent plastic pipes that extended above and below ground. Survival rates were lower (0–6%) for propagules sheltered by bamboo pipes, sheltered by plastic pipes below ground only, or not sheltered. Some propagules developed stems in 9 of 12 cases and leaves in 10 of 12 cases (location x shelter combinations). The rate of stem and leaf development depended on shelter treatment, site, and when seedlings were collected and planted (see original paper). Methods: In August and November 1997, a total of 796 red mangrove propagules were planted in four areas of coastal, sandy sediment (13–35 propagules/site/season for each of the four shelter treatments; see above). The sites experienced “moderate to high” wave energy. Propagules were collected locally then rooted in a nursery. Healthy propagules were planted near the high tide level. Propagules (or the seedlings they became) were monitored twice a month for up to eight months after planting.

(Summarised by: Nigel Taylor)