Anthropogenic effects on reproductive effort and allocation of energy reserves in the Mediterranean octocoral Paramuricea clavata
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Published source details
Tsounis G., Martinez L., Bramanti L., Viladrich N., Gili J.M., Martinez A. & Rossi S. (2012) Anthropogenic effects on reproductive effort and allocation of energy reserves in the Mediterranean octocoral Paramuricea clavata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449, 161-172.
Published source details Tsounis G., Martinez L., Bramanti L., Viladrich N., Gili J.M., Martinez A. & Rossi S. (2012) Anthropogenic effects on reproductive effort and allocation of energy reserves in the Mediterranean octocoral Paramuricea clavata. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449, 161-172.
Actions
This study is summarised as evidence for the following.
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Designate a Marine Protected Area and prohibit/limit recreational activities (including anchoring) Action Link |
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Designate a Marine Protected Area and prohibit all types of fishing Action Link |
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Designate a Marine Protected Area and prohibit/limit recreational activities (including anchoring)
A site comparison study in 2010–2011 at nine coral reef sites in Cap de Creus and Medes Islands, off Spain in the northern Mediterranean (Tsounis et al. 2012) found that in a protected area that prohibited diving, and also prohibited all fishing, fewer coral Paramuricea clavata colonies had other organisms growing on them (likely due to injury/damage) than in areas where diving and/or fishing was permitted. In the protected area, 4–10% of colonies had other organisms growing on them, compared to 10–33% in unprotected areas. Colonies with organisms growing on them had fewer reproductive cells (5–13 gonads/coral polyp) than those without (10–25 gonads/coral polyp), and authors also reported on differences in concentrations of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in coral branches (see paper for details). One area of a marine park (established in 1996) where both diving and fishing was prohibited was selected, along with six other sites in the same area (with a mix of diving and recreational fishing) and two sites in a different area (with some diving permitted but no fishing). In June 2010 and January 2011, a total of 15 surveys across the nine locations were carried out (4 in the fully protected area) by divers along transects (6–20 m long, 16–38 m deep).
(Summarised by: William Morgan)
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Designate a Marine Protected Area and prohibit all types of fishing
A site comparison study in 2010–2011 at nine coral reef sites in Cap de Creus and Medes Islands, off Spain in the northern Mediterranean (Tsounis et al. 2012 ) found that in a protected area that prohibited all fishing and diving, fewer coral Paramuricea clavata colonies had other organisms growing on them (likely due to injury/damage) than in areas where fishing and/or diving was permitted. In the protected area, 4–10% of colonies had other organisms growing on them, compared to 10–33% in unprotected areas. Colonies with organisms growing on them had fewer reproductive cells (5–13 gonads/coral polyp) than those without (10–25 gonads/coral polyp) and differences in concentrations of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in coral branches (see paper for details). One area of a marine park (established in 1996) where both fishing and diving was prohibited was selected, along with six other sites in the same area (with a mix of recreational fishing and diving) and two sites in different area (with some diving permitted but no fishing). In June 2010 and January 2011, a total of 15 surveys across the nine locations were carried out (4 in the fully protected area) by divers along transects (6–20 m long, 16–38 m deep).
(Summarised by: William Morgan)
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