Use repellents to deter birds from landing on pools polluted by mining
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Overall effectiveness category Unknown effectiveness (limited evidence)
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Number of studies: 1
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How is the evidence assessed?
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Effectiveness
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Certainty
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Harms
Supporting evidence from individual studies
A randomised, replicated and controlled trial in captivity in Philadelphia, USA (Clark & Shah 1993), found that 36 common starlings Sturnus vulgaris consumed less mine-pond water if it was treated with bird repellents, compared to untreated mine-pond water. The repellents tested were: o-aminoacetophenone (OAP), 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxyacetophenone, methyl anthranilate, 4-ketobenztriazine (4KBT) and veratryl amine, all at concentrations of 0.5% by volume. The most effective repellent was OAP and the least effective 4KBT; there were no significant differences between effectiveness of any of the other chemicals. All repellents were effective for five weeks on water which was pH 10.6 and contained 150 ppm sodium cyanide.
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This Action forms part of the Action Synopsis:
Bird ConservationBird Conservation - Published 2013
Bird Synopsis